Authors should submit original work prepared in an honest and responsible manner. Authors should:

• Submit only original and unpublished work.
• Ensure that all listed authors have made a meaningful contribution to the research.
• Provide accurate and complete information about their research.
• Properly acknowledge sources and avoid plagiarism.
• Disclose relevant conflicts of interest.
• Obtain appropriate permissions and approvals where required.
• Avoid submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals at the same time.
• Cooperate with the editorial team if questions arise about the submitted or published work.

The reviewers are valuable members of the publishing community to ensure the quality of published research. The reviewers are expected to:

• Evaluate manuscripts objectively and fairly.
• Maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts.
• Provide constructive and relevant comments.
• Identify potential plagiarism or significant ethical concerns where reasonably possible.
• Declare any conflict of interest before accepting a review.
• Avoid using unpublished information from a manuscript for personal advantage.

Editors have the responsibility to handle the manuscripts in an equitable manner and continue the academic quality of the journal. Editors should:

• Evaluate submissions based on their academic quality and relevance to the journal.
• Maintain confidentiality throughout the editorial process.
• Select suitable reviewers for submitted manuscripts.
• Make editorial decisions independently and without discrimination.
• Address ethical concerns or allegations of misconduct appropriately.
• Avoid conflicts of interest in editorial decision-making.

Plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, or other research misconduct are not tolerated by AAFR. A manuscript may be rejected or investigated further if ethical issues are discovered upon submission, during the peer review process or after publication.

The journal may seek clarification or additional information, corrections, or other appropriate action as necessary.

The authors, reviewers and editors should inform the publisher of any conflict of interest that might be construed to bias their work or involvement in the publication process. When you declare a conflict, the journal can handle potential concerns in an open and honest way.

AAFR may in due course publish corrections, clarifications, expressions of concern or retract articles, as appropriate, where a significant error or ethical issue is identified post publication. There are actions taken to protect the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.